28Jan

Mosques of Cairo: Exploring Architectural Wonders of Faith

Cairo, Egypt’s capital, boasts an array of mosques reflecting its profound Islamic legacy through exquisite architecture. Renowned worldwide for their beauty, mosques in Cairo transcend mere places of worship to become emblematic cultural and historical treasures.

This compilation presents Cairo’s top 14 must-visit mosques, each with distinct allure and historical significance. Embark on a spiritual and cultural journey through the heart of Cairo, from the iconic Al-Azhar Mosque to the less-celebrated yet captivating Ibn Tulun Mosque.

Whether you’re a history fan, an architecture enthusiast, or simply seeking a unique cultural experience, this comprehensive list of Cairo’s top 14 mosques offers something for everyone. Join us as we unravel the splendor and historical depth entrenched within these breathtaking mosques.

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Top 14 Mosques in Cairo

1- Al Azhar Mosque

Al-Azhar is an ancient Egyptian mosque with a profound historical legacy, constructed between 359 and 361 AH (970 and 972 AD). Initially serving as a mosque and an educational institution under the Fatimid caliphate, it now follows the Sunni school of thought in teaching Islam.

There are differing views on the Mosque’s naming origins, but it’s believed to have been named after Fatimah al-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, due to the Fatimids’ reverence for her.

2- The Mosque of Ibn Tulun

Commissioned by Ahmad Ibn Tulun, the Abbasid governor of Egypt, this Mosque’s construction began in 263 AH (876 AD). Situated in Ahmad Ibn Tulun Square, the Mosque was meant to serve as the primary place of worship in Ibn Tulun’s independent Egyptian state.

Notably, the Mosque showcases a central water fountain adorned with a dome supported by marble columns, along with six intricately designed mihrabs indicating the direction of Mecca.

3- Mosque of Muhammad Ali

Renowned for its Ottoman-style architecture, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, was erected by Muhammad Ali Pasha. Situated within the Citadel of Saladin, this Mosque stands out with its square prayer hall, domes, and minarets inspired by Turkish design.

4- Al-Hakim Mosque

This ancient Mosque considered the second central Fatimid Mosque in Egypt, was named after Al-Hakim when completed during his son’s rule.

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5- Amr ibn Al-As Mosque

As the oldest Mosque in Al Fustat, Amr ibn Al-As Mosque dates back to the 21st year of Hijra. Although reconstructed in 1211 Hijri, its original appearance, with palm leaves for the ceiling and pillars made from palm stumps has significantly evolved.

6- Sultan Hassan Mosque

Regarded as one of Cairo’s most esteemed archaeological mosques, the Sultan Hassan Mosque is hailed as the “Jewel of Islamic Architecture in the East.” This Mosque is a prime testament to the cohesive and harmonious nature of Cairo’s Islamic architectural style.

Situated at the convergence of Al Qalaa Street and Saladin Square, the Mosque was commissioned by Muhammad ibn Qalawoon to serve as both a mosque and an educational institution. Respected for its architectural excellence, it features a central open court flanked by four chambers.

7- Al Rifai Mosque

An esteemed relic of Cairo’s past, the Al Rifai Mosque bears historical significance as the resting place of Egypt’s last king, King Farouk, and other royal family members. Notably, the previous Shah of Iran was interred here in 1980.

This old Fatimid mosque in the Midan Al-Qalaa neighborhood spans a 1767-meter square with striking architectural elements. Adorned with two rows of pillars, it boasts three entrances and a prominent central dome. The mihrab, embellished with meticulously crafted marble mosaics and shells, is a testament to artistic finesse.

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8- Sayyidina al Hussein Mosque, Cairo

Among Egypt’s revered holy mosques, the Sayyidina al Hussein Mosque is situated in Cairo’s Al Hussein neighborhood, adjacent to the renowned Khan El Khalili marketplace.

Renovations over time have enhanced its grandeur. Sultan Abdul Aziz urged Khedive Ismail to undertake significant refurbishments, importing marble columns from Constantinople and adorning the Mosque with a gold-covered wooden pulpit. Intricate brass windows, a wooden ceiling with ornate carvings, and elaborate decorations contribute to its luxury.

9- Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque

Located within the Citadel of Saladin in Cairo, Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun’s Mosque was the royal Mosque during the Mamluk period. Commissioned in 718 AH/1318 AD and reconstructed in 735 AH/1335 AD, it remained a cherished monument among subsequent Mamluk sultans.

This Mosque, notable for its minarets and a crown adorned with green tiles, features a stunning interior decorated with Qur’anic verses, intricate geometric patterns on the ceiling, and an exquisite minbar embellished with ivory and mother-of-pearl inscribed with King Farouk’s name.

10- The Mosque for Sultan Baybars

Commissioned by the Vizier Baha’ al-Din ‘Ali ibn Hinna, the Mosque for Sultan Baybars is a significant architectural addition in Cairo. Built between 1269 and 1271, it marked the end of the Shafi monopoly on Friday prayer in congregational mosques.

This hypostyle Mosque showcases arcades and a maqsura in front of the mihrab, surrounded by piers supporting a wooden dome. The sanctuary’s central elevated triple aisle and maqsura are encircled by arcades on columns parallel to the Qibla wall, creating an impressive architectural ensemble.

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11- Al-Salih Tala’i Mosque

Erected in 555 AH by Saleh Bin Rizk, the Al-Salih Tala’i Mosque marks the final Mosque constructed during Egypt’s Fatimid era. Distinguished by its unique architectural elements, it stands out among other Fatimid mosques. It resides within the Darb al-Ahmar district at Bab Zuwayla Square, facing the gate of Bab Zuwayla, part of the southern wall of the Fatimid City of Cairo.

Originally intended as a shrine for the head of al-Husayn, its history intertwines with the relocation of al-Husayn’s relic from Ascalon to Cairo by the vizier to protect it from Crusader attacks. Eventually, the dinosaur found its place within the Mosque of al-Husayn following the destruction of the Fatimid palace.

12- Al-Moayad Sheikh Mosque

Adjacent to Bab Zuweila on Al-Muizz Street, the Al-Moayad Sheikh Mosque was established by Sultan Al-Moayyed Al-Sheikh in 818 AH / 1415 AD. Featuring an open courtyard surrounded by four entrances, its notable entrance faces the Qibla. The Mosque boasts marble walls and a wooden pulpit adorned with ivory and mother-of-pearl inscriptions of Sultan al-Mu’ayyad’s names and titles.

Unique in its construction, the Mosque’s two minarets rise above the Fatimid-era Bab Zuweila building, creating an impressive architectural union. The founder’s name adorns one minaret, while the other displays the name of the minaret’s architect. Noteworthy artifacts within the Mosque include a door bearing Sultan Hassan’s name, relocated by Sultan al-Muayyad from the Madrasa of Sultan Hassan.

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13- Sultan Al Mansur Qalawun Mosque

Constructed in the 1280s by al-Mansour Seif al-Din Qalawun, this complex embodies a novel architectural concept serving multiple purposes—a tomb, Mosque, and hospital (maristan). Located on Cairo’s main street, the old Fatimid Western Palace site spans 67 m in length and 20 m in height, featuring a stone arch supported by marble pillars adorned with geometric patterns.

The main entrance on Al-Muizz Li-Din Allah Boulevard displays intricate designs on copper plates, leading to a hallway between the mausoleum mosque and the madrasa. Amir Alam al-Din al-Shuja’i, known for his architectural expertise, supervised construction, ensuring the project’s swift completion.

14- Mosque of Amir Al-Maridani

In Cairo’s Darb El-Ahmar neighborhood, the 14th-century Mosque of Amir Al-Maridani harmoniously blends Islamic, Christian, Ottoman, and Roman architectural styles. Notable features include exquisite mashrabiya screens, ornate wooden ceilings, and captivating stained glass windows within a serene courtyard setting amidst the bustling Cairo cityscape.

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Other things to know when visiting a mosque

Visiting a mosque after consuming pungent-smelling food isn’t advisable. If you’re craving garlic bread or tuna, it might be better to enjoy them after your mosque visit.

Certain behaviors like smoking, eating, arguing, or invading personal space are generally frowned upon in mosque settings.

Upon entering the Mosque, it’s customary for people to greet each other in Arabic, conveying “May peace be with you.” The response is “Wa alaikum assalaam,” meaning “peace be upon you.”

Regarding greetings, it’s common for Muslims of the same gender to exchange handshakes, while those of opposite genders may opt for a nod or the gesture of placing a hand over the heart during conversations.

Most Muslims are approachable and willing to assist. While there might be guidelines about attire in mosques, much of it is simply about demonstrating respect for Islam and the places where Muslims pray worldwide.

In summary, Cairo’s mosques serve as not only places of worship but also as stunning architectural wonders that provide insight into Egypt’s rich history and culture. Whether your interest lies in architecture, history, or religion, visiting Cairo’s mosques is highly recommended. Plan your trip to Egypt for an unforgettable experience!

Ideal Times for Visiting Cairo Mosques

Early morning or late afternoon are the best times to visit Cairo mosques as crowds are thinner, and temperatures are more comfortable. Checking prayer schedules is crucial as some mosques restrict access to non-Muslims during prayer times.

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Final Thoughts: Why Travelers Shouldn’t Miss Cairo Mosques

Cairo’s mosques are religious spaces and cultural and historical landmarks, narrating the city’s tales from the past to the present. They stand as testaments to the city’s rich heritage and are a source of pride for its residents. Exploring its mosques is a must for anyone planning a trip to Cairo. With their striking architecture, distinctive characteristics, and deep historical significance, Cairo mosques are an essential destination for every traveler.

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

Can one visit mosques in Cairo?

Roughly 90% of Egypt’s mosques serve as sacred spaces for Muslims and are inaccessible during prayer times. However, during other periods, you might have the opportunity to visit mosques such as Sayyida Zeinab Mosque and Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo.

How many mosques exist in Cairo?

Cairo holds the moniker “City of 1,000 Mosques.”

Which Mosque holds significance in Cairo?

The Mosque of Ibn Tulun stands out. It is the oldest Mosque in Egypt and Africa, preserving its original architectural form.

Why is Cairo significant in Islam?

Islamic Cairo, while not more or less Islamic than other parts of the city, is renowned for hosting the largest collection of famous Islamic landmarks. Many of these were commissioned by the Fatimid caliphs, who established Cairo (which succeeded Fustat or Old Cairo) as a prominent Islamic center.

What is a Mosque?

A mosque is a sacred space for Muslims to worship. The term “mosque” is derived from the Arabic word “masjid,” signifying a “place of prostration.” These buildings are typically ornate and serve various purposes beyond prayer, including Ramadan observances, weddings, funerals, Sufi rituals, business transactions, and charity activities. Additionally, mosques often provide shelter for homeless individuals.

While not obligatory, most historic mosques have an imam, a knowledgeable and morally upright individual who leads prayers. Before worship, Muslims perform ablution (known as wudu) involving a ritual washing. There are also specific attire guidelines for Muslims and non-Muslims when entering a mosque.

What to Wear in a Mosque?

In predominantly Muslim regions like Egypt, it’s essential to exhibit respect in attire when visiting their places of worship.

One key guideline is a modest dress, covering exposed skin with loose-fitting attire, unlike other religious spaces. Carrying a scarf to cover shoulders or other uncovered body parts may be requested by mosque staff. Given Egypt’s warm climate, opt for breathable, light-colored fabrics.

In many mosques, barefoot entry might be required, especially in significant areas. Visitors uncomfortable with feet or not wearing shoes should note that footwear may not be allowed in specific mosque sections.

While some mosques provide shoe-like coverings for a small fee, this isn’t universally practiced. Bringing a pair of lightweight socks to slip on and off can be a practical choice for inner sanctuaries to ensure comfort and adherence to rules.

Prepare with water and snacks for the visit, as exploring numerous mosques might make taking breaks for meals or drinks challenging. Carrying a bag with snacks and water can help you stay refreshed throughout the day.

Courtesy at Mosques in Egypt:

Demonstrate respect when visiting a mosque in Egypt, recognizing that you’re in someone else’s country. Remember, it’s not the locals’ responsibility to familiarize themselves with your culture; it’s crucial to adapt to local customs and practices. Embrace the understanding that their perspectives, norms, and way of life might differ significantly from yours. Respect the local culture and its people, appreciating the diversity in viewpoints and lifestyles.

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